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2.1 Earthquake and ground motion

An earthquake involves the shaking of the ground by vibrations caused by fault movements.

Amplitude Time history Spectral characteristics Site Engineering bedrock Seismic bedrock Propagation Source characteristics

The characteristics of a seismic ground motion are depends on three factors: source, propagation, and site condition.

Seismic waveform can be described by three elements: amplitude, time history, and spectral characteristics.


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